1200 To 12091200This Decade - Military Technology Mail mesh is made fine enough for gloves of chain mail begin to be used. Mail protection for horses becomes common. Torsion siege engines used. Broad-beamed ships with rigging are developed. The fore and aft-castles of ships became part of the main hull.
c - Military Technology Thin plates begin to be worn with chain mail.
c - Americasstatus A drought hit the southwest around the Coso Mountains.Shamanism and rain-making grew in importance and helped men counterbalance the importance of women engaged in food gathering when hunting declined.
c - China The painting "Reading the I Ching in the Pine Shade" was made.
c - Buttons were invented as a decoration to embellish hemlines, collars and the sides of sleeves.
c - Condesa de Dia was a female troubadour. One of her songs was "Of things I'd rather keep in silence I must sing."
c - Military Technology Rigid backplate added to knightly armor to add protection during a head-on impact.
c - Polynesians settled the 14 Cook Islands that included Rarotonga.
c - Tibet The Rakhor nunnery was established.In1997 Chinese authorities ordered the nuns to leave and everything except the main assembly hall was destroyed.
x - Americasstatus The Anasazi in southwest Colorado began building their cliff dwellings.Population was thriving. They were making corrugated pottery and handsomely decorated black and white pottery.
x - Development of the French prose Vulgate Cycle of romances. u.1235
x - status European monasteries communicate by letter system.
x - University of Paris starts messenger service.
x - Recognition of University of Oxford. u.1210
x - Bishop Albert was selected leader of the Knights of the Cross.He led 23 ships of armed soldiers up the Baltic to Livonian lands at the mouth of the Dauguva River.
x - Japan Kajiwara Kagetoki is killed in Sagami by Bakufu troops.
jan 19 - Dogen Kigen, Japan, Zen teacher, 1st patriarch of the Japanese Soto, is born.
may 22 - Peace of Goulet.
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jul 01 - China Sunglasses are invented.
aug 00 - Teutonic Knights paid the sons of Theodore of Sarepta 200 besants for the house in Tyre to complete the 1195 deal.
1201x - Fourth Crusade sets off.
x - The Germans founded the city of Riga in Livonia, now Latvia, and built a castle under the direction of Bishop Albert, leader of the Knights of the Cross.
jul 20 - Agnes of France, queen of France, dies or jul 18 1201.
1202x - Gerold of Bozen gave the Teutonic Knights a hospital in Bozen
x - Forth Crusade Crusading effort led by Boniface of Montferrat diverted from Palestine or Egypt to Constantinople with influence of Venetians and pretender to the Byzantine throne u.1204
x - Court jesters make their debut in Europe.
x - The Hindu-Arabic numbering system was introduced to the West by the Italian mathematician Fibonacci.The Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers where each new number is the sum of the previous two.
x - The English again attacked the Irish town and monastery at Clonmacnoise.
apr 28 - King Philip II throws out John without Country, from France.
nov 00 - Forth Crusade Venetians and Crusaders sacked Zara, a Christian port on the Dalmatian Coast
1203c - Japapn Hojo family rules Japan after Minamoto Yoritomo's death
x - Forth Crusade 100,000 Orthodox Christians are murdered.
x - King Sumanguru, ruler of a break-away Ghanian kingdom, overthrew the Soninke king and took over Koumbi.
jul 17 - Venetianen conquer Constantinople, emperor Alexius III flees.
aug 01 - Alexius IV Angelus appointed co-regent of Byzantium.
oct 00 - Japan Hôjô Tokimasa orders the murder of Hiki Yoshikazu after the latter plots against the Hôjô family; Tokimasa also kills most of the Hiki clan, as well as Yoriie's son Ichiman. The Hôjô go on to force Yoriie into retirement and replace him with Minamoto Sanetomo.
1204x - France won back Normandy but the people of the isle of Jersey chose to remain loyal to England. The Chateau Gaillard of Richard the Lionhearted was defeated and partly dismantled as punishment.
x - Frankish knights established the principality of Achaia in southern Greece.
x - Venice won control over most of Albania, but Byzantines regained control of the southern portion and established the Despotate of Epirus.
x - Japan Minamoto Yoriie, the second Minamoto Shôgun (retired), is assassinated at the Shuzenji.
x - Japan Hiraga Tomomasa, shugo of Kyoto, quells a Taira loyalist uprising in Ise and Iga.
feb 01 - Alexius IV Angelus, regent of Byzantium (1203-04), murdered.
apr 01 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Louis VII & Henry II, dies at 81.
apr 12 - Forth Crusade The Byzantine Christian capital of Constantinople is sacked. The city falling to a combined force of Franks and Venetians. The Fourth Crusade failed to reach Palestine.
1205x - Battle of Koundoura won by William of Champlitte and Geoffrey of Villehardouin with about 600 men over 5,000 Byzantine Greeks
x - William of Champlitte and Geoffrey of Villehardouin conquered Patras, Andravida, Pundico Castro, Modon, and Coron in the Morea
x - Japan Hôjô Tokimasa becomes a monk under pressure from his son and wife and retires to Izu; Hôjô Yoshitoki becomes the new regent.
x - Japan Hôjô Masamura is born
apr 01 - Amalrik II, King of Cyprus/Jerusalem, dies.
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apr 15 - Battle at Adrianople: Bulgaria beats Emp Boudouin of Constantinople.
jun 19 - Pope Innocent III fires Adolf I as archbishop of Cologne.
jul 00 - Japan Hôjô Yoshitoki destroys Hatakeyama Shigetada.
jul 15 - Pope Innocent III states Jews are doomed to perpetual servitude & subjugation due to crucifixion of Jesus.
1206x - Genghis Khan declared himself "the ruler of those who live in felt tents." He unified the Mongols and over the next twenty years, conquered northern China and all of Asia west to the Caucasus. The Mongols numbered about 2 million and his army about 130,000.u.1226
x - Mongol empire founded by Genghis Khan
x - Germany The city of Dresden is founded.
x - Francesco di Pietro di Bernardone,l.Francis of Assisi, renounced his worldly possessions.
1207x - Japan Hônen, the founder of the Jôdo sect of Buddhism, is exiled to Tosa. He is allowed to return to Kyoto in 1211.
1208x - Teutonic Knights' "marshal" appears in the sources; indicates the military nature of the order
x - Pope Innocent III called the Albigensian Crusade u.1229.The Albigensians were ascetic communitarians of southern France who viewed the clergy and secular rulers as corrupt. A war resulted that effectively destroyed the Provencal civilization of southern France.
feb 24 - St Francis of Assisi, 26, received his vocation in Portiuncula Italy.
mar 24 - King John of England opposes Pope Innocent III on his nomination for archbishop of Canterbury.
nov 11 - Otto van Wittelsbach chosen German king.
1209x - The Franciscan brotherhood received papal approval.
x - Teutonic Knights side with Hospitallers and barons in Acre against the Templars and prelates; origin of long-standing opposition between the Templars and Teutonic Knights
x - Ireland The Kinnitty Castle was built in Kinnitty
x - The University of Cambridge is founded
x - Geoffrey Villehardouin, Prince of Achaia, in dividing up the Peloponnesus in his capital of Andravida, gave the Templars, Hospitallers, and Teutonic Knights four knightly fees; the Teutonic Knights' fee is near Kalamata
oct 04 - Pope Innocent III crowns German king Otto of Wittelsbach.
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