1260 to 1269

1260

c - The Yuan Dynasty + ruled in China ?+. u.1368. It was founded by Kublai Khan.

x - The Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan + reached its height.u.1294

x - Battle of Ain Jalut - Mongols, under Hulagu, halted by Mamluks in Palestine

x - China Musical productions known as Zaju became popular during the Yuan Dynasty. Zaju, an early form of opera, combined music, dance, song and speech into 4-act dramas with complex plots and characters. u.1368

x - Kublai meets Niccolo Polo, the father of Marco Polo, at Kublai's summer palace in Shang-tuaka.Xanadu

x - Jerusalem +¢ ruled by the Mamelukes. u.1600

x - Khubilai, grandson of Genghis, becomes Great Khan

x - Siena flourished as a university town and center for banking, trading, and art.u.1348

x - Kublai declares himself Great Khan

jun - Teutonic Knights + routed at Durben; Prussians revolted

sep 03 - Mamelukes under Sultan Qutuz defeated Mongols and Crusaders at Ain Jalut.

sep 03 - At the Battle of Montaperto in Italy, the Tuscan Ghibellines, who supported the emperor, defeated the Florentine Guelfs, who supported papal power.

1261

x - Urban IV + becomes Pope ?+.u.1264 re. List of Popes

x - Teutonic Knights + bought fief made up of several manors called Schuf from Andrew of Schufe

x - A great quarrel arose between king Alau, lord of the Tartars of the East, and Berca, king of the Tartars of the West based on a border dispute. A great battle was waged in which Alau was the victor.

aug 15 - Constantinople fell to Michael VIII of Nicea and his army.

1262

x - After a long and bloody conflict between the various families and clans, the Icelanders accepted the rule of the Norwegian kingdom.

1263

x - In a Spanish court Rabbi Moses ben Nachman defended the legitimacy of Judaism against Pablo Christiani, a converted Jew, who argued for Christianity. The trial was set up by King James I of Aragon to please Pope Urban IV +.

may - All Teutonic Knight possessions near Sidon lost to Muslims + after Baybars won battle of Sidon

oct 02 - At Largs, King Alexander III of Scotland repelled an amphibious invasion by King Haakon IV of Norway.

1264

c - Vincent oæ Beauvais and the Speculum Maius: the compiling and adapting techniques of a thirteenth-century Dominican.

x - The festival of Corpus Christi was instituted by Pope Urban IV +.

x - Ireland ?+ Walter de Burgo was made Earl of Ulster.

x - According to Marco Polo, Kublai Khan + in this year sent a large body of troops to attack Japan, then known as the island of Zipangu. The two officers in charge, named Abbacatan and Vonsancin, failed to cooperate and the adventure failed.

may 14 - The Baron's War was fought in England ?+.

may 14 - King Henry III was captured by his brother in law Simon deMontfort at the Battle of Lewes in France ?.

1265

x - Duns Scotus, the Franciscan "subtle doctor." He stated that God is absolutely free, and absolute freedom means being free of reason's necessity, as well as of all else. This was in opposition to Aquinas' statement that what is logically necessary must necessarily be so.u.1308

feb - Clement IV + becomes Pope ?+.u.1268 re. List of Popes

may - FLORENCE Dante ?* Alighieri born. u.jund.sep 14 1321

aug 04 - King Henry III put down a revolt of English barons lead by Simon de Montfort.

1266

x - King Kaidu of Great Turkey, a nephew of the grand khan, rebelled against the grand Kahn and numerous battles were fought. Kaidu eventually withdrew to Samarkand. Kaidu is also said to have had a very strong and valiant daughter, Aigiarm, who declared not to marry until she met a man who could conquer her by force.

x - St. Thomas Aquinas * penned his "Summa Theologica," in which he attempted to reconcile theology with economic conditions. He argued that reason could operate within faith.

1267

x - Nachmanides (Ramban) goes to Jerusalem and worships at the Western (Wailing) Wall (The Kotel).

1268

x - Mamluks capture Antioch.

x - According to Marco Polo, Kublai Khan + sent a large force of infantry and cavalry to conquer the country named Ziamba, Viet-Nam. His forces were under the leadership of general Sogatu. The king of Ziamba, Accambale, was advanced in years but resisted from his strongholds. The Tartars laid waste to the open country and then accepted to withdraw in return for a yearly tribute of elephants and sweet-scented wood.

1269

x - Huang Kung-Wang, Chinese artist, born. He painted the 20-foot-long hand-scroll "Dwelling in the Fu-Ch'un Mountains." d.1354

x - Nicolo Polo returned to Venice from Asia and his visit with Kublai Khan + at Shang-tu. He carried letters from the Khan asking that the pope provide 100 intelligent men, "acquainted with the seven arts." Pope Clement IV + had recently died and Nicolo waited for a successor.

x - The Polo brothers waited two years in Venice for a new pope and then departed for Acre and then to Jerusalem with the young Marco Polo. The Polos continue their journey and reach Armenia.u.1271

x - The capital of Morocco was moved north to Fez after the Almohad dynasty fell.

x - The Prince Facfur ruled the province of Manji in a peaceful and prosperous manner. He maintained at his court a thousand beautiful women, in whose society he took delight.

apr - The Polo brothers arrived at Acre.

Inline links found above : [1294] [1368] [1600] [1348] [1264] [1308] [1268] [1321] [1354] [1271] [Yuan Dynasty +] [China ?+] [Jerusalem +¢] [Urban IV +] [Teutonic Knights +] [Muslims +] [Pope Urban IV +] [Ireland ?+] [Kublai Khan +] [England ?+] [France ?] [Clement IV +] [Pope ?+] [List of Popes] [Dante ?*] [Thomas Aquinas *] [Pope Clement IV +]