1270 to 1279

1270

x - Louis IX dies during Eighth Crusade

x - Giotto, Florentine painter.d.1317

x - The Eighth Crusade called by King Louis of France ? was soon decimated by the Plague.

jun - Louis IX's Last Crusade; Louis died in North Africa

oct 30 - The seventh crusade was ended by the treaty of Barbary.

1271

x - The Polos were called back to Acre. Pope Gregory X + assigns two friars, Fra Nicolo da Vicenza and Fra Guielmo da Tripoli, to accompany them to visit the grand khan. They reached Armenia and heard that the soldan of Babylonia, named Bundokdari, had invaded Armenian territory. The friars feared for their lives and returned home.

x - Venetian explorer Marco Polo sets out for China

x - The Polos spent three and a half years traveling to the residence of Kublai Khan + at Cle-men-fu. The grand khan was pleased with Marco and employed him for the next seventeen years as his personal representative in state matters. u.1274

x - Marco Polo travels to China u.1295

aug - Jacob d'Ancona, an Italian-Jewish trader, arrived at the harbor of Zaitun in southeast China ?+, 4-years before Marco Polo arrived. He wrote a manuscript that surfaced in1997. Jacob described printing with movable wooden type, paper money, free daily newspapers, mass-circulation booklets, use of gunpowder, the practice of foot-binding, and tea-drinking. He also noted a lot of pornography and a liberated female sexuality. He described a foreign community with some 2,000 Jews and a great number of Muslims as well as Africans and Europeans and the oncoming threat of a Mongol invasion. The book was titledThe City of Light and covered Jacob's travels from1270 to 1273 through China, Syria, the Persian Gulf and India ?+.

1272

x - Forces of the King of Naples occupied Durrës and established the Kingdom of Arbëria, the first Albanian kingdom since the fall of Illyria.

x - Kublai Khan sent an army to the countries of Vochang and Karazan. The King of Mien and Bangala, in India, opposed the advance of the Tartars and a major battle was fought, wherein the Tartars were victorious.

x - Ireland ?+ The English had now conquered Ulster, east of Lough Neagh, in Meath, as well as most of Connacht and of Munster.

feb 24 - Jacob, an Italian-Jewish trader, departed in haste from Zaitun, China.s.1271

1273

x - Marco Polo crossed Afghan Turkistan.

x - Kublai-khan assigned his general, Chin-san Bay-an, the "Hundred-eyed," to invade the province of Manji under Prince Facfur. Facfur fled under attack and his queen was sent to Kublai-khan, who supported her in dignity.

x - The "Little Battle of Chalons" tournament

oct 01 - Rudolf of Hapsburg was elected emperor in Germany as Rudolf I, King of Germany and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He founding the Hapsburg dynasty.u.1291

1274

x - Mongols invade Japan but are turned back by "divine wind" (kami-kaze)

x - Thomas Aquinas * was summoned before a council at Lyons to answer for his opinions. He was publicly chastised but not condemned.

may 07 - The Second Council of Lyons opened in France to regulate the election of the pope.

jul 11 - Scotland Robert the Bruce + Descendants of Robert I CD-ROM born in Ayrshire.

1275

x - Marco Polo and Niccolo Polo live in China during the reign of Kubla Khan and learned about pasta, sherbet, and paper currency.u.1392

1276

x - status Americas Tree growth rings revealed that another drought occurred in the southwest US. u.1299 This period corresponded with the abandonment of Anasazi dwelling sites in Arizona.

1277

c - Invaders from central Asia conquered China ?+ .

x - King Edward of England ?+ invades Wales.

x - Edward I begins conquest of Wales

1278

x - The co-principality of Andorra was created after long-running ownership disputes between the Bishops of Seu and the Counts of Foix. They agreed to recognize each other as co-princes of Andorra.

x - Nestorian Christians under the governor, Mar-sachis, appointed by the grand-khan for three years, built three Nestorian Churches in the city of Chan-ghian-fu, in the province of Manji.

x - Edward I and Queen Eleanor of Castille visit Glastonbury Abbey to officially reinter the remains of Arthur ?+* and Guinevere in the new abbey church. King Arthur's cross is placed on top of the black marble tomb. Edward proclaims his son, Edward of Caernarvon, Prince of Wales, and positions himself as the legitimate successor of Arthur.

x - WALES Carreg Cennen, a castle on a hilltop above Trapp, fell to English hands.