1290 to 1299

1290

c - Philippe de Vitry, French music theorist, composer and poet. d.1361

c - Heraldic treatise De Heraudie written

x - England ?+ was on the verge of bankruptcy. The debt to Jewish bankers was written off and all Jews were expelled from England. The Medicis and other northern Italian bankers were invited as a replacement.

x - Teutonic Knights + complete a 30 year effort to control Prussians

x - William of Ockham, English philosopher states "Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem." or "Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate" Entries should not be multiplied unnecessarily. Known as " Occam's Razor +." d.1349

x - Jews expelled from England.

1291

x - The Catholic Franciscan order arrived in Bosnia.

x - Expulsion of Christian Crusaders from Syria

x - The Mamluks over-run Acre - last remnant of the crusader kingdom is lost.

may 18 - Fall of AcreAccre to the Sacreans; Hospitaller and Templar headquarters moved from Acre to Cyprus; Teutonic Knights + headquarters moved from Acre to Venice

1292

c - A "No Loitering" sign was engraved on rock at an ancient cemetery near Mill River, Mass., in the Phoenician language called Iberian Punic some 200 years before Columbus made his1492 trip.

x - The Polos began their return journey to Europe. They accompanied a Mongol princess who was to marry Arghun Khan, ruler of Persia.

x - The Polos arrived at the island of Java and then sailed for eighteen months in the Indian Seas to reach king Arghun. They learned that Arghun's kingdom was being administered by Ki-akato, and that the Mongol princess should be delivered to Kasan, son of Arghun, then on the borders of Persia at the arbor secco.

1293

x - The Polos arrived in Persia and found that Arghun Khan had died. His son Mahmud Ghazan now ruled Persia and married the princess see 1292 . The Polos soon reached Trebizond on the southern coast of the Black Sea and were welcomed by a band of robbers who stripped them of most of their riches. Years later1298 Marco Polo published in Venice "Il Milione," The Travels of Marco Polo.

1294

x - When Arghun died by probable poisoning after six years of rule, he was succeeded by his uncle, Ki-akato, who was able to seize power because the son of Arghun, Kasan, was far away. After two years Ki-akato was poisoned and his uncle, Baidu, a Christian, seized power. Kasan then assembled an army and marched against Baidu. Kasan was victorious and gained control over the Eastern Tartars.

x - The Polos received news of the death of Kublai, the grand khan.

x - In Bologna two-thirds of the citizens were listed as guild members or their relatives.

feb 12 - Kublai Khan +, the conqueror of Asia and founder of the Ming Dynasty, died at the age of 80.

1295

x - Marco Polo narrated his travels to master Rustigielo, a citizen of Pisa, from a prison in Genoa.

x - Dante + joined a Medical Corporation.

x - Barovier &; Toso began making glass in Italy.

x - England ?+ Edward I summons bishops, knights, and burgesses from all parishes for first representative parliament

1296

x - King Edward I of England steals the 458-pound Stone at Scone from Scotland. It was returned to Scotland in1996.

apr 27 - Edward I defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar.

1297

c - Hawaii A temple is built near the Kilauea Volcano that is believed to have been used for human sacrifice.The Waha'ula Heiau temple near Volcanoes National Park was one of the first temples built on the islands, supposedly by a foreigner, who brought brutal religious rituals to the islands.

jan 07 - Francois Grimaldi (Francois the Crafty) disguised himself as a monk and appeared at the fortress on the Rock of Monaco. Once inside he called his reinforcements and seized the place.

sep 11 - Scotland Scots under William Wallace "Braveheart" defeated the English army at Stirling Bridge.