1300 to 1304

1300

c - SCOTLAND The Dunrobin Castle in the northern Highlands

c - Philip IV of France begins attempt to annex Flanders

c - Wenceslas II of Bohemia becomes king of Poland

c - England recruited Flemish weavers with promises of "good beer, good food, good bed and good bedfellow."

c - TIBET The Jonang Buddhist monastery was established.

c - AMERICAS The 18-acre Hatalacva Pueblo in Arizona contains the rare Tuzigoot Phase Southern Sinagua pueblo.

c - AMERICAS The Anasazi Indian culture of the American southwest disappeared. All the Anasazi were gone from Mesa Verde. They may have moved south and broke up into present-day Pueblo tribes.

c - Women's corsets were first developed.

c - The Panum Crater at Mono Lake, Ca., erupted

c - Historical records and scientific data on oxygen isotope ratios of Viking teeth indicate a period of cooling temperatures called a Little Ice Age of Northern Europe.u.c1850

c - Tombs with decorated pillars called phallic pillars by the locals are widespread among the Oromo of Somalia and Kenya, where they symbolize manhood and indicate interred men.u.1600

c - EUROPE The Brethren of the Free Spirit aka.Beghards flaunted both moral law and church doctrine because they believed that their station as saved Christians raised them above the ranks of ordinary men. This heresy was termed Antinomianism.

c - TheKebra Negast, an Ethiopian text of this time, claims that the Queen of Sheba came from Ethiopia to see Solomon and that he tricked her into sleeping with him and bearing him a son.

c - The "The Dunmow Flitch" prize was awarded in Dunmow, Essex, England, to any couple who could come after a year of marriage and truthfully swear that they never quarreled and did not regret the marriage and would do it over again.

c - China ?+ Cotton and sorghum; Frustrated literati invent Yuan drama, start golden age of Chinese theater

c - The Gottscheers settled in the Carniola region of what later became Slovenia.The Germanic people were sent there to till the land and pay taxes to the Carinthian counts of Ortenburg and to serve as a forward guard for the Holy Roman Empire.

x - Jean Buridan, Parisian theologian, attempted to resolve the problem with Aristotle's law of motion with the idea of impetus, i.e. that a moving body does not need to be continuously pushed to stay in motion due to its impetus provided by a violent motion upon it.d.1358

x - The Gladzor Gospels, Armenian illuminated manuscripts whose images are the work of five artists, T'oros Taronets being the only one whose name is known. These gospels are a defining document of the medieval Armenian church's doctrinal independence. u.1307

x - A Jewish merchant ransomed the body of Rabbi Meir, imprisoned in 1284, and buried him in Worms.

x - A Jubilee Year. It marked the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance. Pope Boniface VIII + declared Rome Holy Year, "Giubileo." The event is such a success that papal gendarmes had to execute several dozen people to bring the crowds under control. re. List of Popes

x - Florence was established as the banker of Europe, and its coin, the florin, became the first international currency.

x - Italian Renaissanceu.1517

x - Robert of Gloucester's "Chronicle" states that the Britons of Wales had been converted to Christianity by Phagan and Deruvian, who had built the first church in England ?+ at Glastonbury, in the middle of the 100c0000s.

1301

x - Japan ?+ End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi; Emperor Go-Nijo ascends to the throne.

x - Halleys Comet graces the Earth's atmosphere. At this time it is still unnamed. A record of it is portrayed in Giotto's1304-06 "Adoration of the Magi."

feb 07 - Edward of Caernarvon l.Edward II of England becomes the first Prince of Wales.

jul 04 - Battle at Breukelen: Holland vs. Lichtenberg.

1302

x - "Unam Sanctam," papal bull of Pope Boniface VIII +, asserts papal supremacy over every human being

x - King Philip IV of France convenes first Estates-General (Parliament) with all estates represented

mar 11 - Romeo and Juliet were married on this day, according to Shakespeare.

may 18 - The weaver Peter de Coningk led a massacre of the Flemish oligarchs.

jul 11 - An army of French knights, led by the Count of Artois, was routed by Flemish pikemen.

1303

x - Filippo di Amedeo de Peruzzi, Florentine banker, died.He had established bank branches in Naples, Paris and London and underwrote business ventures across Europe. The family went bankrupt when Edward III of England defaulted on his debts after loses in the Hundred Years' War.

x - The Baltic Sea froze over.The event is described by Barbara Tuchman in her book "A Distant Mirror."

x - Dante ?* Alighieri is under the protection of Bartolomeo della Scala in Verona.

x - Egypt ? 7 Wonders ?+ The Pharos Lighthouse at Alexandria is toppled by an earthquake

x - Italy The Padova Chapel was completed and Giotto painted a fresco cycle with scenes from the Old and New Testaments.

may 20 - A treaty was signed between England ?+ and France ? over the town of Glascony.

aug 31 - The War of Vespers in Sicily ended with an agreement between Charles of Valois, who invaded the country, and Frederick, the ruler of Sicily.