1480 to 1484

1480

x - Ivan III + the Great refuses payment to the Golden HoardeTartars, Mongols and becomes the first true sovereign of allRussia ?+ . List of Tsars The Mongol army of Khan Akmad moved into Russia attempting to demand more tribute from Ivan. The two armies met at the Ugra River, but no battle was fought. Neither ruler was willing to risk their forces, and eventually the Khan retreated back to his territory. The Mongol's never again attempted to enforce their control over Russia.

x - Lorenzo Lotto born, Italian painter, celebrated as a realist and a man of religious fervor.d.1557

x - Albrecht Altdorfer born d.1538 German painter who will paint "Martyrdom of St. Florian." He also a depiction of Alexander's 333 BCE defeat of Darius at Issus.

x - Ferdinand Magellan ?+¢ born. d.1521 Portuguese navigator wjo will be assigned the task of finding a route to the Spice Islands.

x - France ? The fortress at Bonaguil in the Quercy province was built by a baron as a bulwark against his vassals. u.1520

x - In Hamburg a pioneering labor market appeared for hiring day workers.

x - TheSpanish Inquisition + was introduced by Ferdinand and Isabella to enable the crown to control the inquiries into whether or not converted Jews were really secret "Judaizers" who kept their original faith.

x - Sandro Botticelli + b.1445 ,Florence -d.may 17 1510 painted "The Birth of Venus."

x - Bartolomeo Saachi de Platina had a cookbook printed titled "De honesta voluptate et valetudine."

apr 18 - Lucrezia Borgia + d.1519 , Duchess of Ferrara, was born.She was the daughter of Rodrigo Borgia + l.Pope Alexander VI in 1492 and the sister and political pawn of Cesare Borgia + . She was also considered a patroness of the arts.

1481

x - Spain The first burnings of 8 people occurred as a result of the Inquisition trials. Over this period some 2000 people were burned.u.1530

1482

x - Portuguese explorers discover bananas on west coast of Africa

x - Japan ?+ The Ginkaku Temple, also known as the Silver Pavilion was built in Kyoto. The Shogun who built it died before its completion and it remains without silver.

x - Captain Diego Cao sailed south along the African coast and landed at the mouth of the Zaire (Congo) River. He left four servants and took four Africans hostage back to his king, John, in Portugal. This was the first European encounter with the vast kingdom of the Kongo.

x - In Ghana Elmina Castle was built by Portuguese traders. It later became a slave holding castle.

x - A Milanese Duke commissioned Leonardo da Vinci to make an equine statue that would have been the largest in the world.A clay cast was made over 16 years but the appropriated bronze was used for cannons and the clay cast was destroyed when the Duke's castle fell to French invaders.

1483

c - Francois Rabelais born, French satirist and humorist. d.1533

x - Henry, Duke of Buckingham, was executed during the reign of Richard III.

x - When King Vladislav restored Catholic dominion, a dissident band of Hussites threw the Catholic mayor -_Prague?_- out of the window.

apr 06 - Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio), Dutch painter "Sistine Madonna," was born.

jun 26 - Richard III usurped himself to the English throne.

jul 06 - England ?+ 's King Richard III was crowned.

aug 09 - Pope Sixtus IV + celebrated the first mass in the Sistine Chapel, which was named in his honor. re.List of Popes

nov 10 - Germany ? Martin Luther ?+* is born in EislebenHe will become leader of the Protestant Reformation ?+¢. He was a monk in the Catholic Church until 1517, when he founded the Lutheran Church. u.feb 18 1546.

dec 03 - Nikolaus von Amsdorf is born. A friend and co-worker of Martin Luther, Amsdorf will fight for a faithful following of Luther's doctrines after Luther's death.

1484

x - Ulrich (Huldrych) Zwingli born at Wildhaus (Toggenburg) in Canton of St. Gall

x - Japan?s shogun Yoshimasa introduces the tea ceremony

jan 01 - Ulrich Zwingli is born.Zwingli will be largely responsible for bringing the Reformation ?+¢ to Switzerland.

jun 20 - ?At Hammel in Saxony, the Devil, in the likeness of a pied piper, carried away 130 children, that were never after seen.?

aug 29 - Innocent VIII + becomes Pope ?+ u.1492 re.List of Popes

dec 05 - Pope Innocent VIII issued aBull of 1484 * deploring the spread of witchcraft and heresy inGermany ? . s.1486 He ordered that all cats belonging to witches scheduled to be burned, be also burned. Kraemer and Sprenger, two Dominican friars, had induced Pope Innocent VIII to issue a bull authorizing them to extirpate witchcraft in Germany.

Inline links found above : [1557] [1538] [333 BCE] [1521] [1520] [1445] [may 17 1510] [1519] [1492] [1530] [1533] [1517] [feb 18 1546] [1486] [Ivan III +] [Russia ?+] [List of Tsars] [Ferdinand Magellan ?+¢] [France ?] [Spanish Inquisition +] [Sandro Botticelli +] [Lucrezia Borgia +] [Rodrigo Borgia +] [Cesare Borgia +] [Japan ?+] [England ?+] [Pope Sixtus IV +] [List of Popes] [Germany ?] [Martin Luther ?+*] [Protestant Reformation ?+¢] [Reformation ?+¢] [Innocent VIII +] [Pope ?+] [Bull of 1484 *]