1540 To 15451540x - Conferences at Hagenau and Worms fail to reconcile Protestants and Catholics
x - In search of the fabled Seven Cities of Cibola, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado lead an expedition into the present southwestern United States and across northern Texas. u.1542
x - Japan Oda Nobuhide captures Anjo castle in Mikawa.
x - Japan Nanbu Harumasa clashes with the Tozawa clan in northern Mutsu.
jan 06 - King Henry VIII of England and Anne of Kleef marry. annulled jul 09 1540Wife number 4
feb 14 - Emperor Charles V enters Ghent without resistance, executes rebels.
mar 04 - Protestant count Philip of Hessen marries 2nd wife.
apr 29 - Emperor Charles declares all privileges of Gent ended.
may 04 - Venice & Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople.
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jun 03 - Hernando de Soto crosses Appalachian Mountain, 1st European to do so.
jun 10 - Thomas Cromwell arrested in Westminister.
jul 09 - England's King Henry VIII 6-month marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled.
jul 28 - Thomas Cromwell, King Henry VIII's chief minister, executed.
jul 28 - King Henry VIII of England marries Catharine Howard, his 5th wife.
jul 30 - Robert Barnes, an English friend of Martin Luther, was burned at the stake as a heretic.
aug 25 - Explorer Hernando de Alarcon travels up Colorado River.
sep 27 - Pope Paul III recognizes Society of Jesus/Order of the Jesuits.He will make them the chief agents of Counter Reformation
sep 27 - Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by Ignatius Loyola.
oct 00 - Japan Satomi Yoshitaka turns back a Hôjô push into Awa Province.
oct 00 - Japan Amako Akihisa unsuccesfully attempts to capture Môri Motonari's Koriyama Castle in Aki province through seige.
oct 11 - Emperor Karel names his son Philip, duke of Milan.
nov 00 - Japan Sue Takafusa (Harukata) arrives with an Oûchi relief army and relieves Koriyama.
1541x - Calvin writes a treatise on free will against the Roman Catholic theologian Albert Pighius.
x - Peter Riedeman writes Hutterite Confession of Faith.
x - John Knox establishes Calvinist Reformation in Scotland.
x - John Calvin establishes theocracy in Geneva.
x - Japan Amako Tsunehisa dies and is succeded by Amako Haruhisa.
x - Muslims seal Golden Gate to prevent Messiah's entrance (as according to Jewish tradition).
x - Henry VIII of England proclaims himself king, not fuedal lord, of Ireland and Head of the Irish Church.
feb 12 - Santiago, Chile founded s.feb 24 1541.
feb 24 - Santiago, Chile founded by Pedro de Valvidia s.feb 12 1541.
apr 04 - Ignatius of Loyola becomes 1st superior-general of Jesuits.
apr 27 - The Lutherans and the Papists met at the Conference at Regensburg. The council was called to restore religious unity in Germany.Melanchthon and Bucer reach agreement with Catholics on most doctrines, but Luther and Rome reject their work.
sum 00 - Japan Ouchi Yoshitaka and Môri Motonari invade the Amako's territory in Iwami and Izumo.
jun 14 - Duke Willem van Gulik of Gelre marries Jeanne d'Albret.
jun 18 - Irish parliament selects Henry VIII as king of Ireland.
jul 00 - Japan Takeda Harunobu [Shingen] seizes power in Kai from his father, Nobutora. Nobutora is taken in by Imagawa Yoshimoto.
jul 04 - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish occupier, dies at about 56.
nov 09 - Queen Catharine Howard confined in London Tower.
dec 29 - Isabella of Poland & King Ferdinand of Austria sign Treaty of Gyalu.
1542x - The Portuguese become the first Europeans to visit Japan.
x - Japan Hôjô Ujiyasu begins a series of aggresive land surveys within the Hôjô domain.
jan 00 - Japan Oûchi Yoshitaka and Môri Motonari lay siege to Amako Akihisa at Gassan-Toda castle in Izumo province.
jan 21 - Parliament passes bill of attainder against Queen Katherine Howard.
feb 13 - Catharine Howard, queen of England/5th wife of Henry VIII, beheaded.
apr 00 - Japan Takeda Shingen defeats an allied army of Shinano warlords at Sezawa in Shinano and begins a campaign into southern Shinano.
may 21 - Hernando de Soto, dies while searching for gold, near Mississippi River.
may 22 - Pope Paul III calls the Council of Trent to deal with the Reformation and renewal in the Church.
jul 12 - French troops under Maarten van Rossem occupies Flanders.
jul 21 - Pope Paul III begins inquisition against Protestants (Sactum Officium).
aug 02 - French troops leave Flanders.
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sep 00 - Japan Oda Nobuhide defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto in the 1st Battle of Azukizaka in Mikawa province.
nov 24 - Battle at Solway Moss: English beat Scottish King James.
1543x - Nicolas Copernicus b.feb 19 1473 writes in De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) That the Earth revolves around the Sun.
x - Military, Technology English develop reliable iron cannons.Despite being heavier and bulkier than bronze cannon, susceptible to internal corrosion, and bursting like a bomb at failure, they were one-third as expensive to build than bronze cannons.
x - Japan Portugese sailors shipwreck on Tanegashima Island, becoming the first Europeans encountered by the Japanese.
x - Japan Miyoshi Chokei defeats Hosokawa Ujitsuna and captures Sakai in Settsu province.
x - Martin Luther writes On the Jews and Their Lies
jan 00 - Japan The Oûchi attempt to bring down Gassan - Toda ends in failure.
jan 03 - Juan Cabrillo, conqueror of Cen America, discoverer of Calif, dies.
may 24 - Nicolas Copernicus, astronomer, dies in Poland.
jul 01 - England & Scotland sign Peace treaty of Greenwich.
jul 12 - King Henry VIII of England weds Catherine Parr (6th & last wife).
sep 03 - Cardinal Beaton replaces earl Arran as regent for Mary of Scotland.
sep 07 - Duke Willem of Gulik surrenders to emperor Charles V.
sep 12 - Treaty of Venlo: Duke Willem of Gulik & Emperor Charles V.
1544x - Council of Trent, for reform of Catholic Church, opens
x - Cranmer instructed to write prayers and a litany (for the army) in English.He does this so well that he is asked to make a prayer book in English, based on the service at Salisbury Cathedral
x - Ferdinand I and Suleiman I agree to truce
x - Japan The Ôuchi attack Iyo Province but are repulsed at Ômishima.
may 01 - Turkish troops occupy Hungary.
may 17 - Scot earl Matthew van Lennox signs secret treaty with Henry VIII.
may 23 - German emperor Charles V recognizes king Christian III of Denmark.
sep 18 - English King Henry VIII's troops occupy Boulogne.
sep 18 - Charles V of Germany & Francis I of France sign Peace of Crepy.
sep 29 - In a St. Michael's Day sermon, Martin Luther said it is better for someone with a closed mind about Scripture to read some other book.
sep 30 - King Henry VIII draws his armies out of France.
nov 00 - Japan Takeda Shingen defeats Fujisawa Yorichika at Ina-Matsushima in Shinano Province.
nov 10 - Antwerps painter John Matsys banished.
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nov 19 - Pope Paul III opens council of Trente.
nov 23 - Japan The Ryûzôji clan fails on its attack of Matsuura.
1545x - Henry VIII's last speech to Parliament; He says Papist, Lutheran, Anabaptist are names devised by the devil to sunder one man's heart from another
x - Garamond designs his typeface.
x - The Council of Trent u.1563
x - Japan Ashikaga Yoshiharu abdicates. His son Yoshiteru becomes the 13th Ashikaga Shôgun.
jan 16 - Georg Spalatin died. Spalatin was a trusted advisor to Frederick the Wise, elector of Saxony, and served as a liaison between Frederick and his subject Martin Luther.
feb 13 - Willem of Nassau becomes prince of Orange.
mar 24 - German Parliament opens in Worms.
mar 25 - Martin Luther publishes his Against the Papacy, an Institution of the Devil.
apr 12 - French king Francis I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed.
apr 20 - Japan Takeda Harunobu [Shingen] seiges Fukuzawa Yorichika's main castle, Fukuyo, in Ina district.
may 15 - Japan Hatakeyama Tanenaga (born 1503), Shugo of Kawachi and lord of Takaya castle, dies.
jun 00 - Japan Fujizawa Yorichika sends his younger brother, Gonjiro, to Takeda Harunobu [Shingen] as a hostage, and surrenders. His castle is burned the same day.
jun 00 - Japan After Takeda Harunobu [Shingen] captures Ina district, he advances his army to Shiojiri, Tsukama district.
jun 00 - Japan Hosokawa Harumoto defeats Hosokawa Ujitsuna near Kyoto at Uji.
jul 00 - Japan Imagawa Yoshimoto makes the decision to subjugate Hôjô Ujiyasu, he departs the Imagawa mansion in Sumpu, and takes up a position at the Zentokuji temple in Suruga.
jul 08 - Don Carlos, son of Spanish king Philip II, is born.
jul 12 - Maria Manuela van Portugal, niece of Spanish king Philip II, dies.
jul 19 - King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sinks at Portsmouth; 73 die.
jul 19 - Roger Grenville, English captain of Mary Rose, drowns.
jul 20 - In an attempt to disband the Schmalkaldic League, Emperor Charles V placed Philipp of Hesse and John Frederick of Saxony under a ban.
aug 15 - Japan Yamanaka Shikanosuke is born in Mikawa province, seond son of Mikawa no Kami Mitsuyuki.
aug 26 - Pope Paul III names his son Pierluigi Farnese, duke of Parma.
sep 00 - Japan Imagawa Yoshimoto and Hôjô Ujiyasu confront one another in Suruga; the Takeda arrive to support the Imagawa and Ujiyasu retreats.
sep 08 - English earl Hertford leads retaliatory mission against Scotland.
sep 20 - Japan Matsudaira Hirotada is defeated by Oda Nobuhide in an attempt to recapture Yasuyoshi castle in Mikawa.
oct 00 - Japan The Uesugi and Ashikaga surround the Hôjô's Kawagoe Castle in Musashi.
nov 00 - Japan The Hôjô and Imagawa make peace through the mediation of Takeda Shingen.
nov 00 - Japan Mori Motonari's wife dies at age 47.
dec 13 - The first session of the Council of Trent opened. The papacy called the council to deal with the Reformation and renewal in the Church.
dec 13 - Council of Trent 19th Ecumenical council opens.
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