1640 to 1649
1640
x - Kirchner, a German Jesuit, builds a magic lantern.
x - Charles I of England calls the Parliament again after years of
not having it. So begins the "Long Parliament"
1641
x - Civil War brings the collapse of the government in Kongo.
x - ||
A rising, ostensibly in support of Charles I, begins in Ulster and spreads southwards.
Thousands of Protestants reported massacred.
1642
x - English Civil War + begins.
x - Montreal founded.
jan 08 - Galileo ?* dies in Arcetri.
1643
x - Evangelista Torricelli accidentally invents the mercury barometer.
x - Louis XIV becomes king of France with Mazarin as principal minister
[u.1715]
x - Scots adopt the Solemn League and Covenant
1644
x - End of the Ming Dynasty in China.
x - Innocent X + becomes
pope ?+
[u.1655]
[re.List of Popes]
1645
x - ||
Oliver Cromwell + reorganises Parliaments armies and eventually
captures Charles I.
x - Aleksey I +
[Alexis I] second Russian tsar of the house of Romanov succeeds
his father Mikhail I +.
[u.1676]
[re.List of Tsars]
1647
x - Westminster Assembly drafts Westminster Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms
1648
oct 24 - |Thirty Years' War +¢|
Treaties of Westphalia ends the war. Negotiatated from 1643.
x - Scots invade and are defeated by
Cromwell + at battle of Preston Pride's Purge
1649
x - ||
Charles I is executed.
x - England is proclaimed a republic [u.1660].
aug - |IRELAND|
Oliver Cromwell + lands and tries to force the Irish off their land.
Massacre of Catholics in Drogheda and Wexford.
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