1680 to 1689

1681

x - The Canal du Midi is finished after eight years of work.

1682

x - || Ivan V + and Peter + of Russia are co-rulers, with Peter's sister Sophia as the regent [u.1689]. [re.List of Tsars]

1683

x - French Royal court moves to Versailles

1685

x - || James II inherits the throne, and passes laws to grant rights to Catholics and dissolves many anti-Irish laws.
x - Johann Sebastian Bach is born in Germany.

1687

x - Sir Isaac Newton publishes "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica"
x - || James II issues Declaration of Liberty of Conscience, extends toleration to all religions

1688

feb - William and Mary become joint rulers of England.
x - England's "Glorious Revolution". James II flees to .
x - James II flees to France from England.

1689

feb - |ENGLAND| William and Mary crowned as joint monarchs.
apr - Siege of Derry. Jacobites, followers of James II, lay siege to the city until July when sea-borne supplies arrive.
x - Newspapers are printed, at first as unfolded "broadsides."
x - The Bill of Rights is passed in England by Convention Parliament .
x - James II leads and fails a rebellion in Ireland.
x - || Peter + and his supporters forced Sophia to resign as regent and enter a convent, Peter's mother rules as regent instead. Peter and Ivan V + share the throne amicably until Ivan, an invalid, dies in 1696. [re.List of Tsars]
x - King William's War between the British and the French in North America begins.
x - A constitutional monarchy established in Britain
x - || Roman Catholics barred from the throne
x - Toleration Act grants freedom of worship to dissenters in England
x - Alexander VIII + becomes pope ?+ [u.1691] [re.List of Popes]