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[War of 1812-]
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1815 to 1819
1815
jan 08 - Battle of New Orleans.
feb 08 - News of Peace first arrives in North America.
mar 01 - General Prevost is officially notified of Peace at
Quebec.
mar 01 - Napoleon ?+ lands in France from Elba
jun - Congress of Vienna closes.
jun 18 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
jun 22 - Napoleon abdicates the crown. Louis XVIII is King of France
oct - Napoleon exiled to St. Helena
x - Switzerland becomes independant of France.
x - Norway and Sweden are joined under one ruler.
x - Jakob Grimm completes Grimm's Fairy Tales.
x - William Smith compiles the first proper colored geological map showing 21
sedimentary layers.
x - The Fundamental Law of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands is passed.
x - John McAdam figures out a way of improving the roads in Britian by using small stones.
x - 3,000 post offices in U.S.
1816
nov - James Monroe + defeats Rufus King in U.S. presidential election
x - Newspapers carried for less than 2 cents postage.
x - Niépce captures image with 8-hour exposure.
x - Argentina declares itself independent from Spain.
x - The new constitution of Poland makes Alexander I of Russia +
King of Poland but gives Poland complete control of its own budget and army, freedom of the press and religious
tolerance.
x - Coleridge writes "Kubla Kahn *"
1817
jul 18 - Jane Austen, British novelist, dies.
x - |Texas ?| Francisco Xavier Mina
launches a military expedition against Mexico from Galveston Island
x - |TEXAS| Jean Laffite occupied Galveston
Island and used it as a base for his smuggling and privateering operation. [u.1820]
1818
may 05 - Karl Marx, German political philosopher, born.
x - Stamped letter paper is sold in Sardinia.
x - |SWEDEN| Berzelius isolates selenium;
its electric conductivity reacts to light.
x - Mary Shelley *
[b.1797-
d.1851
] writes Frankenstein *.
x - Karl XIV Johan becomes King of Sweden.
x - Lord Byron begins writing Don Juan.
x - Chile becomes independent from Spain.
x - US adopts the flag with thirteen stripes and many stars.
x - The Champs d'Asile colony is organized on the Trinity River by French exiles,
but is soon abandoned.
1819
may 24 - Queen Victoria, monarch of the United Kingdom, born
jun 20 - |UK| The Savannah is the first
steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic when it arrives in Liverpool from Savannah, Georgia
aug 16 - |UK| Peterloo massacre in Manchester
x - Napier builds a rotary printing press.
x - Electromagnatism is discovered by Danish physicist Hans. C. Oersted
x - The creation of the Zollverein (costums union) helps the circulation of goods in Germany.
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