Nobel Peace Prizes

1901 to 1909

Physics

1901 - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him
1902 - Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena.
1903 - Antoine Henri Becquerel in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity.
and
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.
1904 - Lord (John William Strutt) Rayleigh for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies.
1905 - Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard for his work on cathode rays.
1906 - Joseph John Thomson in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases.
1907 Albert Abraham Michelson for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid.
1908 - Gabriel Lippmann for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference.
1909 - Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy.

Chemistry

1900 - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions.
1902 - Hermann Emil Fischerin in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses.
1903 - Svante August Arrhenius in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation.
1904 - Sir William Ramsay in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system.
1905 - Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds.
1906 - Henri Moissan in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him.
1907 - Eduard Buchner for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation.
1908 - Ernest Rutherford for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
1909 - Wilhelm Ostwald in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction.

Medicine

1901 - Emil Adolf von Behring for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths.
1902 - Ronald Ross for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it.
1903 - Niels Ryberg Finsen in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science.
1904 - Ivan Petrovich Pavlov in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged.
1905 - Robert Koch for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis.
1906 - Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system.
1907 - Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases.
1908 - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich in recognition of their work on immunity.
1909 - Emil Theodor Kocher for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland.

Literature

1901 - Sully Prudhomme (pen-name of René François Armand Prudhomme) in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualitites of both heart and intellect.
1902 - Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A history of Rome.
1903 - Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit.
1904 - Divided between: Frédéric Mistral in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist.
and
José Echegaray y Eizaguirre in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama.
1905 - Henryk Sienkiewicz because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer.
1906 - Giosuè Carducci not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces.
1907 - Rudyard Kipling in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author.
1908 - Rudolf Christoph Eucken in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life.
1909 - Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings.

Peace

1901 - The prize was divided equally between:
- Jean Henri Dunant, Founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva; Originator Geneva Convention (Convention de Genève)
and
- Frédéric Passy, Founder and President of first French peace society (since 1889 called Société française pour l'arbitrage entre nations)
1902 - The prize was divided equally between:
- Élie Ducommun, Honorary Secretary, Permanent International Peace Bureau, Berne, Switzerland
and
- Charles Albert Gobat, Secretary General, Inter-Parliamentary Union; Honorary Secretary, Permanent International Peace Bureau, Berne, Switzerland
1903 - William Randal Cremer, Member, British Parliament; Secretary, International Arbitration League
1904 - Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law) Ghent, Belgium Scientific Society, Founded in 1873
1905 - Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau, Honorary President of Permanent International Peace Bureau, Berne, Switzerland; Author of Lay Down Your Arms.
1906 - Theodore Roosevelt, President of United States of America; Collaborator of various peace treaties
1907 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, President, Lombard League of Peace.
and
Louis Renault, Louis Renault.
1908 - Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Writer; Formerly Member of Swedish Parliament; Founder of Swedish Peace and Arbitration League.
and
Fredrik Bajer, Member, Danish Parliament; Honorary President of Permanent International Peace Bureau, Berne, Switzerland.
1909 - Auguste Marie François Beernaert, ex-Prime Minister; Member, Belgian Parliament; Member of Cour Internationale d'arbitrage at the Hague.
and
Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque, Member, French Parliament (Sénateur); Founder and President of French parliamentary group for voluntary arbitration; Founder, Committee for the Defense of National Interests and International Conciliation

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