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[The Depression-]
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1919 to 1930
Physics
1920 - Charles Edouard Guillaume in recognition of the
service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in
nickel steel alloys.
1921 -
Albert Einstein ?+ wins the Nobel Prize for Physics
for his discovery of the photoelectric effect and his overall theoretical work.
Einstein with Bohr at the
home of physicist Paul Ehrenfest
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1922 - Niels Bohr of Denmark publishes theory that electrons
orbit an atom's nucleus in concentric circles. Bohr receives the Nobel Prize for Physics
for his groundbreaking work on the structure of atoms and of the radiation
emanating from them.
1923 - Professor Robert A. Millikan, first
to isolate and measure the electron and verify the photoelectric effect.
1924 - Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn for his discoveries
and researchin the field of X-ray spectroscopy.
1925 - The prize was awarded jointly to James Franck
and Gustav Hertz for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an
atom.
1926 - Jean Baptiste Perrin for his work on the
discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation
equilibrium.
1927 - The prize was divided equally between:
- Arthur Holly Compton for his discovery of the effect named after him
and
- Charles Thomson Rees Wilson for his method of making the paths of electrically charged
particles visible by condensation of vapour.
1928 - Sir Owen Willans Richardson for his work on
the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him.
1929 - Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie for his discovery
of the wave nature of electrons.
Chemistry
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1920 - Walther Hermann Nernst in recognition of his work
in thermochemistry.
1921 - Frederick Soddy , for his contributions to our
knowledge of the chemistry
of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature
of isotopes.
1922
- Francis William Aston, physicist and inventor of the mass spectrograph,
wins Nobel Prize for chemistry for his discoveries about atomic isotopes
in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation
of the whole-number rule.
1923
- Fritz Pregl for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic
substances.
1924
- The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1925
- Richard Adolf Zsigmondy for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature
of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become
fundamental in modern colloid chemistry.
1926
- The (Theodor) Svedberg for his work on disperse systems.
1927
- Heinrich Otto Wieland for his investigations of the constitution of the
bile acids and related substances.
1928
- Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus for the services rendered through his research
into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins.
1929 - The prize was divided between
Sir Arthur Harden and Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their
investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes.
Medicine
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1920
- Schack August Steenberger Krogh for his discovery of the capillary motor
regulating mechanism.
1921
- The prize money for 1921 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize
section.
1922
- The prize was divided equally between:
- Sir Archibald Vivian Hill for his discovery relating to the production of heat in
the muscle
and
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof for his discovery
of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism
of lactid acid in the muscle.
1923
- Frederick G. Banting of Canada and John J.R. Macleod of the United Kingdom
win the Nobel Prize for their discovery of insulin.
1924
- Willem Einthoven for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram.
1925
- The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1926
- Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma.
1927
- Julius Wagner-Jauregg for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria
inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica.
1928
- Charles Jules Henri Nicolle for his work on typhus.
1929
- The prize was divided equally between:
- Christiaan Eijkman for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin
and
- Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins.
Literature
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1920
- Knut Pedersen Hamsun for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil.
1921
- Anatole France (pen-name of Jacques Anatole Thibault ), in recognition
of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a
nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic
temperament.
1922
- Jacinto Benavente for the happy manner in which he has continued the
illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama.
1923
- William Butler Yeats for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly
artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation.
1924
- Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont (pen-name of Reyment ), for his great national
epic, The Peasants.
1925
- George Bernard Shaw * for his work which is marked by both idealism and
humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic
beauty.
1926
- Grazia Deledda (pen-name of Grazia MadeSani née Deledda) , for
her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture
the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human
problems in general.
1927
- Henri Bergson in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the
brillant skill with which they have been presented.
1928
- Sigrid Undset principially for her powerful descriptions of Northern
life during the Middle Ages.
1929
- Thomas Mann principially for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has
won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary
literature.
Peace
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1920
- Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois, France. Former Secretary of State.
President of the Parliament (Sénat). President of the Conseil de
la Société des Nations (Council of the League of Nations)
.
1921
- The prize was divided equally between:
- Karl Hjalmar Branting Prime Minister.
Swedish Delegate to the Conseil de la Société des Nations
(Council of the League of Nations).
and
- Christian Lous Lange Secretary General
of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Brussels.
1922
- Fridtjof Nansen , Norway. Scientist. Explorer. Norwegian Delegate to
Société des Nations (League of Nations). Originator of the
Nansen passports (for refugees).
1924 - The prize money for 1924-1923 was allocated to the
Special Fund of this prize section.
1925
- The prize was awarded jointly to:
- Sir Austen Chamberlain Foreign Minister.
Negotiator of the Locarno Treaty.
and
- Charles Gates Dawes Vice-President of
the United States of America. Chairman of the Allied Reparation Commission.
Originator of the Dawes Plan +
.
1926
- The prize was awarded jointly to:
- Aristide Briand Foreign Minister. Negotiator
of the Locarno Treaty and the Briand-Kellogg Pact.
and
- Gustav Stresemann Former Lord High Chancellor (Reichs-kanzler).
Foreign Minister. Negotiator of the Locarno Treaty.
1927 -
1928
- The prize money for 1928 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize
section.
1929
- Frank Billings Kellogg Former Secretary of State, Negotiated the Briand-Kellogg
Pact.
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