1936

Unsorted 1936 Events [Bottom]

JANUARY

03 - Haile Selassie protests Italy's bombing of defenseless villages to the League of Nations +.
11 - |Spain ?| An electoral pact is signed by the Socialist Party and Communist Party.
15 - Japan withdraws from the London Naval Conference.
15 - |Spain| Manuel Azaña organizes the formation of the Popular Front.
20 - King George V of the United Kingdom dies.
20 - Ethiopia requested aid from the League of Nations +. The League had previously banned weapons exports to both Ethiopia and Italy, conferring an advantage on weapons producing Italy.
23 - The Battle of Tembien (near the Eritrean border) ends in a stalemate. 8,000 Ethiopians are killed or wounded, while the Italians suffer 1,100 casualties. [u. jan 27]

FEBRUARY

06 - |Germany ?| IVth Winter Olympics are held at Garmisch-partenkirchen. [u.feb 16]
10 - |Ethiopia| 200,000 Italian troops begin an offensive against 60,000 defenders of Amba Aradam Amba Aradam islocated roughly a third of the distance from the Eritrean border to the Ethiopian capital at Addis Ababa, on the edge of the Danakil Desert about half way between Lake Tana and French Somaliland.

Paperback 10.47 I Will Bear Witness: A Diary of the Nazi Years 1933-1941 by Victor Klemperer

10 - |Germany ?| The Gestapo legally acquired total control over all internal security and police. The Gestapo is above the law.
15 - |Ethiopia| Ethiopian forces crumble under the weight of the Italian offensive. The Italians employ 280 artillery guns to fire over 23,000 shells, and 170 aircraft to drop 396 tons of bombs; 6,000 Ethiopian troops were killed.
16 - |Spain ?| Popular Front win general election in Spain.
16-20 - |Ethiopia| The retreating Ethiopian forces suffer 6,000 more deaths due to air dropped dichlorodiethyl sulfide gas.
19 - |Spain| President Niceto Alcalá Zamora appoints Manuel Azaña as prime minister.
21 - |Spain| The Cortes grants an amnesty to all those in Spain charged with insurrection.
22 - |Spain| General Francisco Franco is relieved of his command and sent to the Canary Islands.
25 - The British cabinet agreed on a re-armament program.
26 - A coup attempt occurred in Japan. Junior officers in the Imperial Guard and the 1st Division led 1,400 troops in occupying key locations in Tokyo. They sought to establish a military dictatorship under the emperor, and to increase the military's roles and involvement in politics. The coup faileed and its leaders were executed.
27 - |Ethiopia| The Second Battle of Tembien takes place leaving few Ethiopian survivors. Italian forces utilize gas and artillery.
27 - |Spain| Falange Espanola offices in Madrid are closed down.
28 - |Spain| Francisco Franco, Emilio Mola, Juan Yague and José Sanjurjo meet to discuss tactics.
28 - |Spain| General Emilio Mola is relieved of his command and sent to Pamplona.

MARCH

00 - |Holocaust ?+| SS Deathshead division is established to guard concentration camps.
07 - Germany marches three battalions of troops across the Rhine River into the demilitarized Rhineland. They were under orders to retreat if faced with any French countermove. The French generals convinced the cabinet that a large expeditionary force would be required.
09 - British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden criticizes Germany for violating the Treaty of Versailles.
09 - The new Japanese prime minister restructures the cabinet to give the military more power.
14 - |Spain ?| Falange Espanola is banned by Popular Front government.
14 - |Spain| José Antonio Primo de Rivera is arrested and charged with trafficking illegal arms.
23 - Ethiopia complains to the League of Nations + about Italian atrocities.
29 - In a plebiscite, 98.7 percent of German voters support the reoccupation of the Rhineland and the renunciation of Versailles.
29 - Italy firebombs the Ethiopian city of Harar.
31 - Haile Selassie personally leads a counterattck against Italian forces in the Mecan Pass. They take Italian positions, but are forced to retire after suffering heavy casualties and running out of ammunition.

APRIL

08 - The Soviet Union and Mongolia sign a mutual assistance treaty.
20 - The League of Nations + Council calls upon Italy and Ethiopia to end fighting and restore the peace.
04 - |Spain ?| Manuel Azaña presents details of his reform legislation.
07 - Niceto Alcalá Zamora is deposed as president of the Spanish Republic.
13 - |Spain| Emilio Mola meets Gonzalo Queipo de Llano to discuss the possibility of a military uprising.
18 - |Spain| The Cortes makes it illegal for military officers to attend secret political meetings.

MAY

02 - |Ethiopia| Haile Selassie left the capital.
04 - Haile Selassie boards the British cruiser Enterprise which proceeds toward Palestine.
06 - |Ethiopia| Marshal Badoglio's forces enter Addis Ababa. Badoglio will become viceroy of Ethiopia.
08 - |Spain ?| Manuel Azaña elected as president of the Spanish Republic.
08 - |Spain| Indalecio Prieto refuses the post of prime minister.
09 - At Rome victory celebration, Mussolini + states "At last, Italy has her empire... a civilizing empire, humanitarian toward all the peoples of Ethiopia."
20 - |Spain| To protect them from arsonist attacks the government orders the closing of Catholic schools.
28 - |Spain| José Antonio Primo de Rivera is sentenced to five months in prison with trafficking arms.
28 - |Spain| Civil Guard suppresses a left-wing rally at Yeste and kills nineteen people in the process.
31 - |Spain| Indalecio Prieto is shot during a socialist rally at Ecija.

JUNE

02 - |Spain ?| The Cortes passes legislation that protects agricultural tenants from eviction.
03 - Haile Selassie arrives in England aboard a British passenger ship.
04 - Socialist leader Leon Blum became premeir of France.
09 - |Spain| Over a million workers are on strike in Spain.
17 - Heinrich Himmler is appointed chief of the German Police.
30 - Haile Selassie addresses the League of Nations + and asks what the great powers intended to do to insure collecctive security.

JULY

06 - |Spain ?| Luis Bolin arranges for Francisco Franco to be flown to Morocco.
12 - |Spain| José Castillo, an officer in Republican Assault Guards, is asssassinated by Falangists.
13 - |Spain| Monarchist leader, José Calvo Sotelo is murdered in revenge for Castillo's death.
18 - |Spain| An army revolt under the Fascist-backed Nationalists Emilio Mola and Francisco Franco against the leftist government which had assumed power in May begins the Spanish Civil War ?+.
18 - |Spanish Civil War| Successful military uprising in Morocco and Seville.
18 - |Spanish Civil War| General Francisco Franco issues manifesto that seeks to justify rebellion.
18 - |Spanish Civil War| Dolores Ibarruri makes her "No Pasaran" radio speech.
19 - |Spanish Civil War| General Emilio Mola issued his proclamation of revolt in Navarre.
20 - |Spain| General Jose Sanjurjo killed in air crash.
20 - British Labour Party expresses its support for Popular Front government of Spain.
20 - |Spanish Civil War| José Giral, the Spanish prime minister, appeals to the French government for arms.
24 - |Spanish Civil War| General Emilio Mola establishes a Committee of National Defence.
24 - |Spanish Civil War| Antifascist Miltias Committee establish the Anarchist Brigade.
24 - |Spanish Civil War| Rebel forces capture Granada.
25 - |Spanish Civil War| General Cabenallas establishes a rebel (Nationalist) government at Burgos.
25 - Hitler ?+ agrees to Franco's request to have the Luftwaffe airlift Nationalist troops from Morocco to Spain.
26 - |Spanish Civil War| Comintern agrees to establish International Brigades.
28 - |Spanish Civil War| The Spanish Loyalist government orders the confiscation of all religious property.
28 - |Spanish Civil War| German aircraft arrive in Morocco and begins transporting Nationalist troops to Spain.
30 - |Spanish Civil War| Nine Italian bombers arrive in Morocco.
30 - |Spanish Civil War| Italian aircraft begin operating in support of the Nationalist.

AUGUST

00 - |Germany ? |Holocaust ?+| Nazis set up an Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortions (by healthy women).
00 - Benny Goodman debuts at the Palomar Ballroom, NY
01 - XIth Olympic Games are held in Berlin. [u.aug 16] Hitler and top Nazis seek to gain legitimacy through favorable public opinion from foreign visitors and thus temporarily refrain from actions against Jews.
02 - Leon Blum announces France's policy of non-intervention in Spanish Civil War ?+.
04 - General Metaxis abolishes the constitution of Greece and establishes a dictatorship.
04 - |Spanish Civil War| General Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Army captures Badajoz.
06 - |Spanish Civil War| General Francisco Franco establishes his headquarters in Seville.
08 - |Spanish Civil War| France closes its border and stops volunteers crossing into Spain ?.
10 - |Spanish Civil War| Indalecio Prieto appeals on radio for an end to the Red Terror.
12 - |Spanish Civil War| The first International Brigades volunteers reach Spain.
14 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalists massacre Republicans in Badajoz.
15 - Stanley Baldwin announces ban on the export of arms to Spain.
19 - |Spanish Civil War| Federico Garcia Lorca is murdered by Falangist in Viznar.
26 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist authorities introduce conscription.
28 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist forces bomb Madrid for the first time.

SEPTEMBER

04 - |Spain ?| Francisco Largo Caballero forms new Republican government.
04 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist forces close in on Madrid.
05 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Nationalist Army take Irun and close the border with France.
07 - |Spanish Civil War| José Aguirre forms an autonomous Basque government.
09 - |Spanish Civil War| Representatives of 27 countries form Non-Intervention Committee in London.
09 - Alexander Orlov of the NKVD arrives in Spain.
12 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist forces capture San Sebastian.
15 - |Spanish Civil War| The Loyalist government protests arms shipments to the Nationalists by Portugal, Germany and Italy.
19 - |China ?+| Two Japanese policemen are killed in Hankow.
21 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist generals select Francisco Franco to become chief of state.
22 - |China| Japanese naval landing infantry occupies Hankow and Pakhoi.
23 - The Japanese navy captures Hongkew, China.
25 - |Spanish Civil War| Alvarez del Vayo pleads the Republic's case at the League of Nations.

OCTOBER

01 - General Franco becomes commander of the Nationalist Army.
01 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Republican goventment approves Basque autonomy.
03 - |Spanish Civil War| Francisco Franco first cabinet includes his brother, three generals and a diplomat.
09 - |Spanish Civil War| 650 members of the International Brigades arrive at Alicante.
12 - |Spanish Civil War| The first aid from the Soviet Union arrives in Spain ?.
24 - Count Ciano meets with Hitler at Berchtesgaden to discuss an alliance.
22 - |Spanish Civil War| General José Miaja placed in charge of the defence of Madrid.
25 - 510 tons of gold from the Bank of Spain is sent to the Soviet Union.
25-27 - The Rome-Berlin Axis is formed "to defend the great institutions of Europe".
29 - |Spanish Civil War| Soviet tanks and planes began operating in Spain in support of Republican forces. The Nationalist seige of Madrid begins.

NOVEMBER

01 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Nationalist troops reach the western and southern suburbs of Madrid.
02 - |BRITAIN| The BBC begins a regular television service from Alexandra Palace, London.
02 - |Spanish Civil War| Brunete captured by the Nationalist Army.
03 - |USA ?| F. D. Roosevelt is reelected as President defeating Alfred M. Landon.
06 - |Spanish Civil War| The German air force's Condor Legion begins assembling in Seville It will eventually number 96 aircraft (including Ju-52 bombers, Me-109 fighters and He-51 fighters), 32 tanks, artillery and 6,500 men. The German battleships Deutschland and Scheer also the support the Condor Legion.
06 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist forces begin siege of Madrid.
06 - |Spanish Civil War| Republican government moves from Madrid to Valencia.
08 - |Spanish Civil War| International Brigades and peoples' militias repulse Nationalist assault on Madrid.
10 - |Spanish Civil War| Non-Intervention Committee concludes that there is no evidence of foreign intervention in Spain ?.
13 - France and Lebanon agree to the future independence of Lebanon.
14 - Germany ? renounces international controls over the Elbe, Danube, Oder and Rhine Rivers. Czechoslovokia, France and Yugoslavia protest.
14 - |Spanish Civil War| Buenaventura Durruti arrives in Madrid with his Anarchist Brigade.
15 - |Spanish Civil War| Condor Legion, a squadron of the Luftwaffe, in action for the first time.
18 - |Spanish Civil War| Adolf Hitler ?+ and Benito Mussolini + recognise Franco's regime.
19 - |Spanish Civil War| Buenaventura Durruti killed while defending Madrid.
20 - |Spanish Civil War| Miguel Primo de Rivera, leader of the Falange Española, executed in Alicante.
25 - Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact.

DECEMBER

03 - Japanese naval landing infantry occupy the Chinese port city of Tsingtao after a labor dispute occurred there.
10 - Edward VIII abdicated the British throne to marry American divorcee Wallis Warfield Simpson.
11 - George VI becomes king of Great Britain.
12-15 - Chiang Kai-shek is kidnapped by other Nationalist generals as he prepares to decimate the Chinese Communists, who are in tatters after the "Long March". After general Yang Fu-chen nearly executes Chiang, Communist leader Chou En-lai negotiates his release with the agreement that the Communists and Nationalists will form a common front against the Japanese.
13 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Nationalists attempted to cut the Madrid-La Coruna road to the north-east of Madrid.
16 - |Spain ?| Andres Nin is ousted from the government.
17 - Communists insist on the removal of the POUM from the Catalan government.
18 - German troops land at Cadiz, Spain.
22 - |Spanish Civil War| Volunteers from Italy arrive in Spain to fight for the Nationalists.

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