1937

Unsorted 1937 Events [Bottom]

JANUARY

00 - |Germany ? |Holocaust ?+| Jews are banned from many professional occupations including teaching Germans, and from being accountants or dentists. They are also denied tax reductions and child allowances.
00 - Italy continues to send troops to Spain.
06 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans the export of arms to Spain ?.
10-15 - Britain and France prohibit volunteers from going to Spain.
12 - |Spanish Civil War| An anarchist rising in Bilbao is repressed.
14 - |Spain| The FAL and POUM demonstrate in Barcelona in favour of social revolution.
30 - Hitler ?+ demands the return of all former German colonies.

FEBRUARY

08 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Spanish Nationalist, Italian forces and General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano capture Malaga.
11 - |USA ?| A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Automobile Workers Union
12 - |Spanish Civil War| The International Brigades halt the Nationalist advance at Jarama.
19 - |Ethiopia| General Graziani is wounded in an assassination attempt in Addis Ababa. The Italians carry out mass reprisals including executions.

MARCH

05 - |Spain ?| The Communist Party Congress demands that the POUM be elimated.
08 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Italian Corps take Guadalajara.
15 - H. P. Lovecraft, horror writer, dies.
16 - Mussolini + courts Islamic support during a visit to Libya.
18 - Italian forces driving on Madrid are defeated by Spanish Republican (Loyalist) units at Brihuega. Franco decides to concentrate on capturing Bilbao.
18 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| The Republican Army defeats the Italian Corps outside Madrid.
30 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| General Emilio Mola opens the Nationalist offensive in the Basque region.
31 - South Africa announces that it will not consider returning Southwest Africa to Germany.

APRIL

19 - |Spain ?| Francisco Franco unites the Falange Espanola with the Carlists to form a single party.
26 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| The Condor Legion bombs Guernica, the Basque capital in Northern Spain. The event inspired Picasso's great painting.
29 - |Germany ?| Goering orders and end to production of heavy, four-engine bombers (despite excellent tests by the Ju-89 and D0-19).

MAY

Paperback 7.50 Johnny Got His Gun, by Dalton Trombo

01 - Roosevelt signs the US Neutrality Act.
03 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Anarchists and Syndicalists revolt in Barcelona against the authoritarian rule of government.
05 - |Spanish Civil War| Francisco Largo Caballero dispatches Assault Guard to Barcelona.
06 - |USA ?| The German airship Hindenburg bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in Lakehurst.
08 - The Nazi Party wins a two-thirds majority in Danzig.
10 - |Spanish Civil War| Uprising in Barcelona suppressed by the Republican Army.
12 - Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
17 - |Spain ?| A new Republican government assumes office. It promises to win the war before attempting social reorganization.
17 - |Spain| Francisco Largo Caballero is replaced by Juan Negrin as head of the Republican government.
28 - Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain (replacing Stanley Baldwin).
29 - The battleship Deutschland and the Italian vessel Barletta are damaged at Ibiza harbor by Loyalist aircraft.
31 - German warships bombard Almeria, Spain.

JUNE

03 - |Spain ?| General Emilio Mola killed in air crash.
11 - Eight Russian generals are executed. This begins the purge of the Red Army, which results in the execution of 20,000 officers.
16 - |Spain| Juan Negrin outlaws POUM.
16 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Andres Nin is arrested and charged with conspiring with General Francisco Franco.
18 - |Spanish Civil War| Bilbao is captured by Nationalist forces with the aid of the German and Italian air forces (ending a lengthy, feirce battle).
18 - The German cruiser Leipzig reports being sideswiped by a submarine in Spanish waters.
19 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist Army captures Bilbao.
20 - |Spain| Andres Nin, leader of POUM, is murdered by agents from the Soviet Union.
24 - Paul Robeson makes important speech on the Spanish Civil War at the Albert Hall in London.
26 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist forces take Santander.

JULY

02 - Amelia Earhart vanishes between New Guinea and Howland Island.
06 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| General Vicente Rojo launches attack at Brunete.
07 - China refuses to allow the Japanese Tanake brigade to search the Wanping suburb in Peking. The Japanese attack with artillery and infantry assaults. The 'Marco Polo Bridge Incident' touches off full scale war between Japan and China.
07 - Battle of Lugou Bridge officially marked large-scale Japanese invasion of China
29 - Japanese aircraft bomb Nankai University in Tientsin because it harbors "anti-Japanese elements".
31 - Japanese forces complete the occupation of Peking.

AUGUST

13 - Heavy fighting in Shanghai.
10 - |Spain ?| The anarchist-dominayed Council of Aragón is dissolved by Juan Negrin.
25 - |China ?+| The Imperial Japanese Navy imposes a blockade of Chinese ports.
25 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalist Army captures the north-coast port of Santander.
28 - |Spanish Civil War| Nationalists bomb Madrid for the first time.
28 - |Spanish Civil War| The Vatican recognise Franco's regime.

SEPTEMBER

06 - Moscow protests the torpedoing of a Soviet merchant ship in the Adriatic Sea by an Italian submarine.
19 - Japanese aircraft bomb Nanking and Canton.
22 - The United States protests the bombing of Nanking.
25 - A Communist Chinese division ambushes the Japanese 5th Division (which loses 3,000 troops). It is the first major victory for China in the war with Japan.
26 - Blues singer Bessie Smith dies

OCTOBER

01 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Republican forces capture Belchite.
06 - The League of Nations + Assembly declares its "moral support" for China.
17 - |Spain ?| Francisco Largo Caballero announces his opposition to Juan Negrin.
21 - |Spanish Civil War| Spanish Nationalist forces captures Gijon, giving Franco control over northwest Spain.
28 - |Spanish Civil War| The Loyalist government in Spain moves its seat from Valencia to Barcelona.

NOVEMBER

05 - |China ?+| Three Japanese divisions land south of Shanghai.
08 - Japan completes its conquest of Shanghai.
08 - 'Eternal Jew' travelling exhibition opens in Munich.
12 - |Spain ?| The CNT withdraws from the Popular Front government.
17 - Lord Halifax has a positive meeting with Hitler ?+.

DECEMBER

08 - |Spanish Civil War ?+| Nationalist aircraft bombs Barcelona.
11 - Italy withdraws from the League of Nations +.
12 - Japanese aircraft bomb the U.S.S. Panay, sinking her.
13 - |China ?+| Battle of Nanking ended as the Japanese took the city and began 3 months of atrocities
14 - |Spanish Civil War| Republican Army launch an offensive at Aragon.
28 - King Carol II of Rumania selects a Fascist to lead the government.
29 - The Irish Free State becomes Eire.

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