449 To 400 Bce448x - The Greco-Persian War came to end with the "Peace of Callias".
c - Aristophanes, an Athenian playwright who wrote comedies is born.
447x - Battle of Coroneia Greek infantry war.
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445x - Rome The Lex Canuleia allows Patricians and Plebeians to intermarry.
444x - Nehemia rebuilds Jerusalem and its walls.
442x - Euripides wins his first first prize in the Attic drama festivals. Approximate time when Commedies are given official state support in the Lenaia January Dionysian festival.
441x - Euripides writes his first tragic play.
438433x - Empedocles dies.
x - The Parthenon in Athens is completed.
431x - The Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens. u.405
429x - Euripides writes the play The Heracleidae
x - The Athenian leader Pericles dies in a plague.
428x - Euripides writes Andromache u.424
x - Anaxagoras dies.
x - Euripides writes Hippolytus
427c - Plato born.
425x - Death of historian Herodotus of Halicarnassus.
x - Archidamian war: Athenian leader Cleon got an army and he invaded Sparta at Pylos. The invasion fails.
x - Aristophanes writes The Acharnians, a play pleading to end the war with Sparta.
424x - Artaxerxes I of Persia dies. His son Xerxes II takes the throne but he is murdered by his brother Sogdianus after a few weeks. Sogdianus is then murdered by his half brother (bastard son of their father) who then takes the throne and rules under the assumed name of Darius II.
x - Aristophanes writes the play The Knights.
x - Persia Death of Artaxerxes. Palace intrigues lead to the successive assassinations of two of his sons, Xerxes II and Sogdianos. Eventually a third son takes hold under the name of Darius II.
x - Peloponnesian War Battle of Delium.
423x - Aristophanes writes the play The Clouds, his satire about Socrates.
422x - Euripides writes The Suppliants
x - Aristophanes writes the play The Wasps.
421x - Aristophanes writes the play The Peace, again asking for peace between Sparta and Athens.
x - Peloponnesian War The Peace of Nicias which is supposed to be a thirty year truce between Athens andSparta ending open hostilities in the war.
420x - Peloponnesian War Alcibiades, nephew of Pericles, became strategos of Athens begins maneuvering for open war.
415x - Euripides writes the play The Trojan Women.
414x - Euripides writes the play Iphigenia in Tauris. u.412
x - Aristophanes writes the play The Birds.
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413x - Peloponnesian War Athens is defeated by Syracuse, loosing her entire fleet.
412411x - Peloponnesian War Battle of Syme between Sparta and Athens
x - Aristophanes writes the plays Lysistrata and Thesmorphoriazusae.
x - Euripides writes The Phoenissae u.409
410x - Euripides writes The Bacchantes and Iphigenia at Aulis
408x - Euripides writes the plays The Cyclops and Orestes
407x - Cyrus, younger son of Darius II, king of Persia, is named Satrap of Asia Minor in replacement of Tissaphernes. Cyrus is instructed to support Sparta and helps finance Lysander's fleet, eventually contributing to the victory of Sparta.
405x - Peloponnesian War The Athenian Fleet is destroyed at the Aegospotami River while taking on supplies by a combined Corinthian and Spartan navy
x - Aristophanes writes the play The Frog.
x - The Peloponnesian War ends with Sparta as the victor, organizing an oligarchy to rule Athens.
404x - Sparta conclusively defeats Athens, and takes control of the Athenian State.
x - Death of Darius II, king of Persia. He is succeeded by his son Artaxerxes II.
403x - Beginning of the period of Warring States in China.
x - Athens rebels against the oligarchy and restores its own democracy.
401x - Cyrus is killed by his elder brother Artaxerxes II at the Battle of Cunaxa near Babylon. Last mention of gerhon or spara shielded infantry in Persian army.
400c - The camel was first domesticated.
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