Day Month

July-04

966 - Benedictus V Grammaticus, Italian (anti?)Pope (5/22-6/23 964), dies.
1054 - Brightest known super-nova (Crab Nebula) starts shining (23 days).
1054 - Chinese and Arabian observers document the massive supernova of the Crab Nebula 6,000 light-years from Earth. The great nova, as Oriental astronomers described it, was six times brighter than Venus and was only outshone by the sun and moon. For 23 days the nova could be observed in broad daylight. An entry in the Records of the Royal Observatory of Peking reads: "In the first year of the period Chihha, the fifth moon, the day Chi-chou, a great star appeared approximately several inches southeast of T'ien-Kuan (i.e. Zeta Tauri). After more than a year it gradually became invisible." In 1999 the Chandra X-Ray Telescope observed a ring around the heart of the Crab Nebula.
1187 - Reinoud van Chƒtillon, French prince of Antioch, dies.
1187 - Battle of Hittin Tiberias. Hospitallers, Templars, and the "flower of the nobility" are devastated. Saladin, from his imperial seat in ancient Syria, defeats Reinoud of Ch'tillon and the Christian armies of the Crusaders and took most of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1187 - Battle of Hittin (Tiberias): Saladin defeats Reinoud of Chƒtillon.
1301 - Battle at Breukelen: Holland vs. Lichtenberg.
1301 - Battle at Breukelen: Holland vs Lichtenberg.
1301 - Willem II Berthout van Mechelen, bishop of Utrecht, dies in battle.
1307 - Rudolf III, Duke of Austria/King of Bohemia dies.
1336 - Elisabeth van Portugal, queen of Portugal/saint, dies at about 65.
1415 - Angelo Correr becomes Pope Gregory XII.
1453 - 41 Jewish martyrs burned at stake at Breslau.
1453 - 41 Jewish martyrs were burned at stake at Breslau, Poland.
1498 - Filips van Burgundy, admiral-general of Netherlands, dies.
1519 - Johann Tetzel, (German?) monk, dies at about 79.
1519 - The term "Lutheran" was first used. It was applied to those Protestants who strictly followed the writings of Martin Luther.
1541 - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish occupier, dies at about 56.
1546 - Murad III, sultan of Turkey (1574-95), is born.
1578 - Charles de Berlaymont, baron of Hierges, gov/viceroy of Names, dies.
1603 - Philippus the Monte, priest/bandmaster/composer, dies at 82.
1610 - Cornelis Evertsen, the Elder, Dutch/Swiss vice-admiral, is born.
1610 - Battle at Klushino: King Sigismund II beats Russian & Sweden.
1610 - Paul Scarron, French playwright (Virgile Travesti), is born.
1623 - William Byrd, English composer (Ave verum corpus), dies at 80.
1627 - Thomas Middleton, Elizabethan dramatist (Women Beware Women), dies.
1636 - City of Providence, Rhode Island form.
1652 - Prince of Cond‚ starts blood bath in Paris.
1653 - British Barebones Parliament goes into session.
1669 - Alexander von Papenhoven, Flemish religious sculptor, is born.
1672 - Ambrosius Reiner, composer, dies at 67.
1672 - States of Holland declares "Eternal Edict" void.
1672 - Govert D Camphuysen, (court)painter, dies at about 48.
1690 - James II departs for France.
1693 - Battle at Boussu-lez-Walcourt: French-English vs Dutch army.
1694 - Louis-Claude Daquin, [d'Acquin], French organist/composer (La Rose), is born.
1708 - Swedish King Karel XII beats Russians.
1715 - Christian F Gellert, Saxony, poet/novelist (Fables & Tales), is born.
1731 - Ant˘nio Dinis da Cruz e Silva, Portuguese poet (O Falso HeroĦsmo), is born.
1753 - Jean-Pierre-Fran‡ois Blanchard, 1st balloon flights in England, US, is born.
1754 - George Washington gives Ft Necessity to France.
1757 - Jean-Joseph Vade, composer, dies at 38.
1762 - Marco Santucci, composer, is born.
1768 - Willem van Hairs, Fries nobleman/poet (Suicide), dies at 58.
1769 - Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis, composer, is born.
1776 - The Congress formally endorses Jefferson's Declaration of Independence *, with copies to be sent to all of the colonies. The actual signing of the document occurs onaug 02, as most of the 55 members of Congress place their names on the parchment copy.
1776 - Declaration of Independence-US gains independence from Britain.
1779 - French fleet occupies Grenada.
1780 - Charles Alexander, Duke of Lotharingen South Neth, dies at 67.
1787 - Charles, prince de Rohan-Soubise, marshal of France, dies at 71.
1789 - Claudio M da Costa, Brazilian conductor, dies at 59.
1789 - 1st US tariff act.
1793 - Franz Xaver Pechacek, composer, is born.
1796 - 1st Independence Day celebration is held.
1799 - F J Oscar I, King of Sweden/Norway (1844-59), is born.